Re: carbon... I'm not sure what the salt looking stuff is, but there are a few cures on the market for cyanobacteria. Most of them are an antibiotic if I recall correctly. Good water movement and skimming most certainly help, but I have used Chemi-Clean twice when things got out of hand.
As for carbon, yes, it can help to polish the water and remove organic impurities. If you are hooking up a sump, I wouldn't bother with the carbon sponge. The 'little pellets' are probably granulated activated carbon that would go into a sock, then into a high flow area of your system. Some only use carbon once in a while, I personally run it 24x7.
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120 gal, 40 gal sump/refugium, 2x250w 10,000K Reeflux MH, 54w T5 actinic, ASM G4+ |